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According to McLelland, Japanese women have “long been avid consumers of popular entertainment that would seem to disrupt sexual and gender boundaries…”, citing the all female theatre group, Takarazuka, and its all female audience as an example. Oddly, the main audience for manga featuring homosexuality, the so called “ shounen-ai” genre, are mostly young ( high-school aged and a little older) females. Popular American comics, for the most part, remain strongly entrenched in the " superhero" genre. With the larger market, there's also a larger variance in acceptable storyline. In Japan, the manga industry holds 38% of all published matter and as such, has many marketable audiences under its wing. The main group that looks at comics in America consists of males between the ages of 18 and 29.
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American comics, for the most part, are targeted at a very small audience. The most striking difference between the two countries in terms of comic books and manga is audience and popularity. While the word danshoku-ka was termed after the war to denote male homosexuals, the main term used currently is okama, which literally mean ‘ pot’ but in context, translates more closely to the English slang term of ‘ queen.’ However, the term okama also implies cross-dressing and effeminacy, something that most colloquial American slang does not do. The term “ gay” does exists as a loan word in the phrase “ geiboi,” but that denotes a cross-dressing male hustler rather then a male that identifies as homosexual in the modern sense.
#Gay anime comic books code
While during the Tokugawa period, there existed a code of behavior for male-male sexual interaction in the form of the nanshoku code, the vocabulary associated with the code refers to sexual roles or styles rather than personal identity or something more akin to the modern concept of sexuality. While the American term is very clinical (in fact, the term “homosexuality” is a clinical term spawned when it was considered to be a form of mental disorder), the Japanese have more ambiguity with their references. Taking a look at each culture’s way of talking about same-sex attraction can be very illuminating. The treatment of homosexuality in this popular media not only reveals a number of differences in the culture surrounding comic books in each culture, but also that of the larger culture. It is, however, surprising to see that in its Japanese counterpart, manga, homosexuality has been seen in main stream comics since the 70s. This has been reflected in the comic book world, where a handful of characters have popped up over the last ten years in relatively positive roles. In America, there has never been as strong a presence in the media of homosexual people as there has been in the last 5 years. The depiction of homosexuality has seen a notable rise in popular media in the last couple of years. Male Homosexuality in American Comic Books and Japanese Manga